Catalona WJ, Partin AW, Sanda MG, Wei JT, Klee GG, Bangma CH, Slawin KM, Marks LS, Loeb S, Broyles DL, Shin SS, Cruz AB, Chan DW, Sokoll LJ, Roberts WL, van Schaik RH, Mizrahi IA.
“A Multicenter Study of [-2] Pro-Prostate Specific Antigen Combined With Prostate Specific Antigen and Free Prostate Specific Antigen for Prostate Cancer Detection in the 2.0 to 10.0 ng/ml Prostate Specific Antigen Range.”
Journal of Urology May 2011; 185: 1650. PMID: 21419439.
Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419439
This prospective, multicenter US trial led to the FDA approval of the Prostate Health Index (phi) in 2012. Phi is a new serum marker test combining total, free and -2proPSA. Among 892 men undergoing prostate biopsy at PSA levels of 2-10 ng/ml, phi was more specific for prostate cancer than either total or free PSA.